The code of Hammurabi deals a lot with issues about farmers and commoners. Judging from the code one can infer that the economy of Mesopotamia was driven primarily on agriculture. The distinct social groups were commoners such as farmers as well as chieftains, freedmen, slaves, and people of the church. Women off the time were under restriction of the church and husband. If a church woman were to enter a tavern, she would be burned to death. Facing several restrictions, women enjoyed some rights such as if her husband run away and she moves on but her old husband returns, she does not have to go back, as well as, if a man wants to separate from his wife who has birthed him children  the man has to give the wife her dowry as well as partial use to his field, garden, or property so that she can raise her children.

Around 200,000 to 250,000 years ago in the grasslands of eastern and southern Africa, Homo Sapiens emerged from other human-like species before it. Human revolution occurred in Africa and also was where culture defined ways of living. There, human beings began to inhabit new environments like never before such as forests and deserts. Along with these movements, technological advancements with stone tools prevailed. Evidence of hunting and fishing marked a new phase in human food collecting, opposed to the primitive ways of scavenging dead animals. Settlements became planned around the seasonal movements of fish and game. After developing in Africa, human beings began their trek out about 100,000 to 60,000 years ago into Eurasia, Australia and the Americas. Migration first led into to the Middle East and from there they went westward into Asia. 20,000 years ago, cold Ice Age climates pushed humans southward in search of warmer climates where they then altered their fishing and hunting habits and developed new technology. Early human migration to Australia came from Indonesia and involved the use of boats, a first for humans. Over tens of thousands of years humans all over had developed about 250 languages.

The earliest formed civilizations formed long ago dating back to around 3500 B.C.E to 3000 B.C.E. The first of these civilizations was the ancient Sumer civilization in southern Mesopotamia. This civilization is likely to have created the world's earliest written language. Along with the Sumerian civilizations, Egyptian civilizations emerged near the Nile River in northeastern Africa. The Nile and similar separate civilization, Nubia, which is farther south along the nile, were famous for pharaohs and pyramids. Egyptian civilizations took shape as a unified territorial state in which cities were less prominent, unlike the city-states of Sumer. A third civilization developed along the central coast of Peru at about the same time as the other two civilizations. Norte Chico was the area where a series of 25 urban centers, punctuated by rivers, had a rich fishing market. Later during the third millennium B.C.E, several civilizations arose in the Indus and Saraswati river valley of what is now modern day Pakistan. Expressed primarily in elaborately planned planned cities, common patterns prevailed such as standardized weights, measures, and architectural structures. Early civilizations of China, dating back to approximately 2200 B.C.E, was different than the Indus Valley by that a centralized state was evident. In Central Asia, the Oxus took shape after 2200 B.C.E and within two centuries a number of fortified centers emerged. This Civilization was economically based on irrigation agriculture and stock raising. This Central Asian civilization was the focal point of a Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and commercial exchange. The final first major civilization developed around 1200 B.C.E. along the Gulf of Mexico in southern Mexico known as the Olmec. With an agricultural economy of maize, beans, and squash, the Olmec cities arose a series competing chiefdoms and became filled with elaborately decorated temples, altars, pyramids and tombs of rulers.  Olmec culture spread widely through the region and influenced subsequent civilizations such as the Maya and Teotihuacan.

Yay - I'm (late) done!