The earliest formed civilizations formed long ago dating back to around 3500 B.C.E to 3000 B.C.E. The first of these civilizations was the ancient Sumer civilization in southern Mesopotamia. This civilization is likely to have created the world's earliest written language. Along with the Sumerian civilizations, Egyptian civilizations emerged near the Nile River in northeastern Africa. The Nile and similar separate civilization, Nubia, which is farther south along the nile, were famous for pharaohs and pyramids. Egyptian civilizations took shape as a unified territorial state in which cities were less prominent, unlike the city-states of Sumer. A third civilization developed along the central coast of Peru at about the same time as the other two civilizations. Norte Chico was the area where a series of 25 urban centers, punctuated by rivers, had a rich fishing market. Later during the third millennium B.C.E, several civilizations arose in the Indus and Saraswati river valley of what is now modern day Pakistan. Expressed primarily in elaborately planned planned cities, common patterns prevailed such as standardized weights, measures, and architectural structures. Early civilizations of China, dating back to approximately 2200 B.C.E, was different than the Indus Valley by that a centralized state was evident. In Central Asia, the Oxus took shape after 2200 B.C.E and within two centuries a number of fortified centers emerged. This Civilization was economically based on irrigation agriculture and stock raising. This Central Asian civilization was the focal point of a Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and commercial exchange. The final first major civilization developed around 1200 B.C.E. along the Gulf of Mexico in southern Mexico known as the Olmec. With an agricultural economy of maize, beans, and squash, the Olmec cities arose a series competing chiefdoms and became filled with elaborately decorated temples, altars, pyramids and tombs of rulers.  Olmec culture spread widely through the region and influenced subsequent civilizations such as the Maya and Teotihuacan.